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Samaria ((ヘブライ語:שומרון) '; ; (アラビア語:السامرة) ') was an ancient city in the Land of Israel. It was the capital of the northern Kingdom of Israel in the 9th and 8th centuries BC. The ruins of the city are located in the Samaria mountains of the West Bank and are under the jurisdiction of the Israel National Parks Authority; it is currently closed to visitors due to the security situation. ==History== Israelite Shomron (lit. "watch-tower"; also written "Shomeron") was located in the heart of the mountains of Samaria, a few miles northwest of Shechem. The ruins of the Israelite town, as well the ruins of towns built at this same location later in history, are all adjacent or within the modern Palestinian village of Sebastia. The "hill of Shomron" is an oblong hill, with steep but not inaccessible sides, and a long flat top. According to biblical tradition, Omri, the king of the northern kingdom of Israel (reigned c. 870s BC), purchased this hill from Shemer its owner for two talents of silver, and built on its broad summit the city to which he gave the name of "Shomron", i.e., Samaria, as the new capital of his kingdom instead of Tirzah (). As such it possessed many advantages. Omri resided here during the last six years of his reign. According to biblical tradition, it appears Omri granted the Syrians the right to "make streets in Samaria" as a sign of submission (). This probably meant permission was granted to the Syrian merchants to carry on their trade in the city. This would imply the existence of a considerable Syrian population. It was the only great city of Israel created by the sovereign. All the others had been already consecrated by patriarchal tradition or previous possession. But Samaria was the choice of Omri alone. He, indeed, gave to the city which he had built the name of its former owner, but its especial connection with himself as its founder is proved by the designation which it seems Samaria bears in Assyrian inscriptions, "Beth-Khumri" ("the house or palace of Omri"). (Stanley) According to Biblical tradition, Samaria was frequently besieged. In the days of Ahab, Benhadad II came up against it with thirty-two vassal kings, but was defeated with a great slaughter (). A second time, next year, he assailed it; but was again utterly routed, and was compelled to surrender to Ahab (), whose army, as compared with that of Benhadad, was no more than "two little flocks of kids." Biblical tradition also holds that in the days of Jehoram, Benhadad again laid siege to Samaria. But just when success seemed to be within their reach, they suddenly broke off the siege, alarmed by a mysterious noise of chariots and horses and a great army, and fled, leaving their camp with all its contents behind them. The famished inhabitants of the city were soon relieved from the abundance of the spoil of the Syrian camp; and it came to pass, according to the word of Elisha, that "a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel, in the gates of Samaria" (). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samaria (ancient city)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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